Page 111 - PC2019 Program & Proceedings

PLANT CANADA 2019

S7. Fall and spring placement of nitrogen fertilizers. Where do enhanced efficiency fertilizers fit?
Karamanos, R.
Koch Fertilizer Canada, ULC

There are three major losses of nitrogen (N) from the soil-plant system, namely, volatilization,
denitrification and leaching. There have been a number of practices recommended to reducing
volatilization of urea-based fertilizers, e.g., use of urease inhibitors, slow-release forms, and, irrigation
shortly after application. However, the most common practice in western Canada has been incorporation
of the fertilizer into the soil, especially in bands. This practice now is under scrutiny as shallow banding
of urea-based is proving to be less efficient in affording protection of urea-based fertilizers than deep
banding. Further, denitrification losses have been shown to occur both during spring snowmelt and
under wet conditions. This study summarizes the data from a three-year research conducted in the three
prairie provinces that included deep-, shallow-banded and broadcast urea with or without the addition of
®
stabilizers. Agrotain stabilized urea (NBPT) and SuperU (NBPT and DCD) fertilizer were used (NBPT

is a urease and DCD a nitrification inhibitor). There were no differences in yield when fertilizers were
deep banded (6-8 cm); however, broadcasting or shallow banding (1-4 cm) non-stabilized urea resulted in
significant yield reductions that were for the most part averted by using stabilizers.

Rigas Karamanos (rigas.karamanos@kochind.com)

S8. Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in oat: nutrient uptake and interactive effect on crop
lodging and yield
2
2
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Ma, B-L. ; Z. Zheng ; D. Pageau ; C. Vera ; J. Fregeau-Reid ; A. Xue ; W. Yan
1
2
2
2
1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
2
AAFC

Balanced plant nutrition is essential to achieve high productivity and get the best economic return from
applied fertilizers. A field study was conducted across diverse locations in Canada to determine N and P
uptake, agronomic traits and yield performance of oat cultivars under different fertilizer N rates. We
-2
found that yield components were altered to adapt to soil-environmental conditions, with panicles m
-1
mostly accounted for yield variation at Melfort, seeds panicle and 1000-seed weight at Normandin, and
lodging index was an additional yield-determining factor at Ottawa. Crop lodging displayed a strong
-1
correlation with straw P content, with a change-point of 13.6 kg P ha , below which lodging rarely
occurred. We speculate that high straw P content, induced by external N supply, may have exhibited
similar behavior as N in weakening the strength of stem base and anchorage system, leading to crop
lodging. Nutrient interaction is a complex issue, some other nutrient elements, such as K, may play an
important role in stimulating crop lodging resistance. Taking multiple nutrients and their interaction and
balances into considerations is beneficial in illustrating the mechanisms of lodging resistance in future
studies.
Bao-Luo Ma (baoluo.ma@canada.ca)

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